Description

The Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody (IgG, IgA) blood test is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP) in the blood. It is primarily used in the diagnosis and management of celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

Celiac disease is characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, leading to inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine. This damage can cause malabsorption of nutrients and various gastrointestinal symptoms. The Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody test is one of the specific tests used to aid in the diagnosis of celiac disease, along with other serological tests and a biopsy of the small intestine.

There are two types of Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody tests:

Gliadin IgA Antibodies: This test measures the levels of IgA antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides. IgA antibodies are produced in response to gluten consumption in individuals with normal IgA production.

Gliadin IgG Antibodies: This test measures the levels of IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides. IgG antibodies may be measured in individuals who have a deficiency in IgA or in conjunction with IgA testing to improve the accuracy of celiac disease detection.

The Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody blood test is considered to be more specific and sensitive than older tests that measured antibodies against native gliadin, as deamidation of gliadin increases the accuracy of detecting immune responses in individuals with celiac disease.

The test is typically used in the following situations:

Screening for Celiac Disease: The Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody test may be used as part of the initial screening for celiac disease, especially in individuals with symptoms like chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and malabsorption.

Confirmation of Celiac Disease Diagnosis: If the Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody test shows positive results, it may be followed by other tests, such as tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG-IgA) and endomysial antibodies (EMA), to confirm the diagnosis of celiac disease.

Monitoring Gluten-Free Diet Compliance: After a diagnosis of celiac disease, the Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody test can be used to assess whether an individual is adhering to a strict gluten-free diet. A decrease in antibody levels indicates that gluten exposure has been minimized.

It's essential to interpret Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibody test results in the context of a patient's clinical presentation and other diagnostic tests. If celiac disease is suspected or if you have concerns about gluten sensitivity, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider who can recommend appropriate testing and guide you through the diagnosis and management process.