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An elevated concentration of homocysteine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. When used in conjunction with methylmalonic acid (MMA), these tests are useful to diagnose and monitor vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folic acid deficiency and are often useful in evaluating macrocytosis (an elevated MCV, an erythrocytic index).

Clinical Use:

-Diagnose homocystinuria, vitamin B12 deficiency, and folate deficiency

-Assess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and dementia (including Alzheimer disease)

-Monitor therapy in patients with elevated homocysteine levels